--> . 10-11 .
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>> . 10-11 .

1.

 


1.5.

, : .

: () . .

NaCl. r0 ≈ 3 10-10 (. 1.7).

, 1020%. Δr = εmaxr0. : = r0 + Δr = r0(1+ εmax)(. 1.8).

. :

.

, , .

S N (. . ), , , F = NFmax.

Fmax (1.5.1). . , . . r0. ( , ) :

, NaCl :

, , , . εmax (. . 1.8, ).

, . , , . σ = εmax, .

E ≈ 4 1010 .

 

 

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