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5. 5.1.( ), , . . , , . 1. .
. . . . , . , , . . : ( ) . , , . , , , *. * 6.12 ( 5). , , , . : , , . , : . (. 5.1).
, , F' = pS, , a S . Δh = h2 - h1 ́, .
' = F' Δh = pS(h2 - h1) = p(Sh2 - Sh1). (5.1.1) . V1 = Shlt V2 = Sh2. A' = p(V2 - V1) = pΔV, ΔV = V2 - V1 . , . , (5.1.2) . V2 < V1, ' < 0 (. 5.2). , , ' : = -', A = -A' = -pΔV. (5.1.3) , , ΔV = V2 V1 < 0, . , > 0: . , , ( < 0), ΔV = V2 - V1 > 0. . (5.1.2) (5.1.3) , . ( = const), . ' . (. 5.3). abcd, p1 = const, V b cd, , (5.1.2).
. , (. 5.4). , () , . - , V, V ab cd, 1 2 .
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